A new study, part of the E4Warning and IDAlert projects, has provided a comprehensive snapshot of mosquito biodiversity across the Attica region in Greece—home to half the country’s population. Conducted by the Benaki Phytopathological Institute (BPI) and the University of West Attica in Athens, the survey spans two years (2021–2022) and highlights the presence, spread, and diversity of medically important mosquito species, including invasive ones like Aedes albopictus.

Key Findings:

• The three most widespread species were Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens s.l., and Culiseta longiareolata, found in 100% of traps.

• A total of 23 mosquito species were detected, with some reappearing after years of absence.

• East Attica had the highest species diversity; South Athens and the islands the lowest.

• Molecular tools complemented traditional identification, confirming difficult or damaged specimens.

The study highlights the dynamic nature of mosquito populations in urbanized regions like Attica, where invasive species such as Aedes albopictus now coexist with native vectors like Culex pipiens s.l. The detection of medically important species, including Culex perexiguus and Aedes caspius, not commonly reported in past surveys, underscores changing vector dynamics and potential public health risks.

Molecular tools proved essential for identifying species when morphological traits were insufficient, reinforcing the value of combining traditional and modern surveillance methods. Continuous, localized monitoring is key for early detection of new threats—especially in the face of climate change and urban expansion—and provides critical data to support proactive, targeted mosquito control strategies.

Trap Positivity Rate (%) by Mosquito Species (2021–2022)

Read the full-open access here: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040406

Bisia, M., Balatsos, G., Sakellariou Sofianou, M., Beleri, S., Tegos, N., Zavitsanou, E., Karras, V., Kollia, D., Michaelakis, A., & Patsoula, E. (2025). Two-Year Entomological Survey of Mosquito Fauna in the Attica Region, Greece: Species Composition. Insects, 16 (4), 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040406

A recent study, published in Insects with E4Warning participation, explores the residual longevity of sterile male mosquitoes and its significance for understanding their field performance in Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs: an eco-friendly vector control method where sterile male mosquitoes are released to mate with wild females, reducing mosquito populations over time.

The study aimed to assess the longevity and quality of sterile and non-sterile male Aedes albopictus mosquitoes by using the “mark-release-recapture” (MRR) method. The findings revealed several important insights:

1. Sterile Males’ Longevity: Contrary to expectations, the study found that sterile male mosquitoes had a longer lifespan than their non-sterile counterparts when released into the wild. This extended longevity is a significant advantage for SIT programs, as it increases the likelihood of sterile males mating with wild females, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of population suppression efforts.

2. Effect of Wild Exposure: Sterile males that had been released into the wild lived longer when recaptured and monitored in a laboratory setting. This suggests that exposure to the wild, including factors like fluctuating environmental conditions and access to richer food sources, may improve the performance of sterile males.

3. No Negative Effect of Marking or Sterilization: The process of marking the mosquitoes with fluorescent dyes (following IAEA protocols) and sterilization via gamma radiation did not negatively affect their longevity. This supports the continued use of these practices in SIT programs.

4. Transport and Mass Rearing: Males reared and transported from large-scale production facilities exhibited slightly shorter lifespans compared to those reared locally under small-scale conditions. This suggests that optimizing transportation and rearing conditions can further improve the performance of sterile mosquitoes in the field.

Understanding the longevity and quality of sterile mosquitoes is crucial for optimizing SIT programs, particularly in areas where mosquito populations pose a significant public health threat. The study underscores the importance of refining rearing, sterilization, and transportation techniques to maximize the success of SIT in controlling vector populations and reducing the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.

This research advances our understanding of how sterile males perform in the field, providing valuable insights that can be applied to ongoing and future SIT initiatives and vector dispersal capacity estimation within the E4Warning project.

The study was a collaborative effort involving several institutions and experts across Europe. Key contributors included researchers from the following institutions: Benaki Phytopathological Institute (BPI) in Greece, Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), CREAF, and ICREA in Spain, Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli” in Crevalcore, Italy, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research Doutor Francisco Cambournac (CEVDI) at the National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA) in Palmela, Portugal, and the Faculty of Medicine, Environmental Health Institute (ISAMB) at the University of Lisbon, and ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, based in La Réunion, France.

Link to the paper: Balatsos, G., Blanco-Sierra, L., Karras, V., Puggioli, A., Costa Osório, H., Bellini, R., Papachristos, D.P., Bouyer, J., Bartumeus, F., Papadopoulos, N.T., & Michaelakis, A. 2024. Residual Longevity of Recaptured Sterile Mosquitoes as a Tool to Understand Field Performance and Reveal Quality. Insects 15, no. 11: 826. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15110826

You can find other scientific papers produced by E4Warning in our “Publication website”: https://www.e4warning.eu/outputs/publications/